#Python's class and object creation

The way to create classes and objects in Python:

# Define a class; a class is a type
class ClassName:

    # Constructor method, used to initialize the object
    def __init__(self, parameter_list) -> None:
        pass

    # ... other class contents

# Create an object; the object is a variable of the class type
variable_name: ClassName = ClassName(actual_parameters)  # Calls the constructor here

The class's __init__ method (with double underscores before and after) is the constructor, responsible for initializing the object upon creation.
Its first parameter self is automatically passed the object instance itself when called.
Functions defined inside a class are called methods.
Variables associated with the class are called attributes.

Methods are defined like __init__ inside the class, with self as their first parameter.
Attributes are created by assigning variables to self inside the __init__ method.

Example syntax:

class ClassName:
    def __init__(self, parameters) -> None:
        self.attribute1 = initial_value
        self.attribute2 = initial_value
        self.attribute3 = initial_value

    def method1(self, parameters) -> return_type:
        pass

    def method2(self, parameters) -> return_type:
        pass

    def method3(self, parameters) -> return_type:
        pass

#Example: Refrigerator Class

class Refrigerator:
    """
    A Refrigerator class to simulate opening/closing and storing contents.
    """

    def __init__(self):
        """
        Constructor to initialize the refrigerator state.
        """

        self.__contents = []         # Private attribute for contents, starts empty
        self.__is_open = False       # Private attribute for door status, starts closed

    def open(self):
        """Open the refrigerator door."""
        self.__is_open = True

    def close(self):
        """Close the refrigerator door."""
        self.__is_open = False

    def store(self, goods) -> bool:
        """
        Store an item inside the refrigerator.

        Args:
            goods (Any): The item to store.

        Returns:
            bool: True if successful, False if door is closed.
        """
        if not self.__is_open:
            return False
        self.__contents.append(goods)
        return True

    def take(self, index: int):
        """
        Take an item out of the refrigerator by index.

        Args:
            index (int): The index of the item to take.

        Returns:
            Any: The item taken, or None if invalid.
        """
        if not self.__is_open:
            return None
        if index >= len(self.__contents):
            return None
        goods = self.__contents[index]
        self.__contents.pop(index)
        return goods


# Create two refrigerator objects; each has independent attributes
refrigerator_A = Refrigerator()
refrigerator_B = Refrigerator()

refrigerator_A.open()            # Open door (self = refrigerator_A)
refrigerator_A.store('Elephant') # Store 'Elephant'
refrigerator_A.close()           # Close door

refrigerator_B.open()
refrigerator_B.store('Lion')
refrigerator_B.close()

goods = refrigerator_A.take(0)   # Take item from refrigerator_A
print(goods)                     # Output: Elephant

refrigerator_B.open()
goods = refrigerator_B.take(0)   # Take item from refrigerator_B
print(goods)                     # Output: Lion

>>> Establishing WebAssembly Runtime.

>>> Standby.

This demonstrates basic object-oriented programming with private attributes and methods manipulating the internal state of each object independently.