#Bash 的 cp 命令
cp [OPTION]... SOURCE... DEST
功能
复制文件或目录。
类型
可执行文件（/usr/bin/cp），属于 coreutils。
参数
OPTION选项：-a,--archive- 复制整个目录树并保持文件的原有属性；同-dR --preserve=all--attributes-only- 只复制文件属性，不复制文件数据--backup[=CONTROL]- 选择怎样备份被覆盖的目标文件-b- 备份被覆盖的目标文件--copy-contents- 复制特殊文件（设备、FIFO、管道等）-d- 复制符号链接本身，而不是复制源文件；同--no-dereference --preserve=links--debug- 输出调试信息（文件的复制方式）-f,--force- 强制操作，目标存在且无法打开时会尝试将其删除-i,--interactive- 覆盖前提示-H-SOURCE是符号链接时复制源文件而非符号链接，但递归复制目录中的符号链接时不生效-l,--link- 创建文件的硬链接而不是复制-L,--dereference-SOURCE是符号链接时复制源文件而非符号链接，递归复制目录中的符号链接时也生效-n,--no-clobber- 不覆盖现有文件，也不失败-P,--no-dereference-SOURCE是符号链接时复制符号链接而非源文件-p- 保持文件原有的属性；同--preserve=mode,ownership,timestamps--preserve[=ATTR_LIST]- 保持文件原有的属性--no-preserve=ATTR_LIST- 不保持文件原有的属性--parents- 复制时保持路径-R,-r,--recursive- 递归复制目录--reflink[=WHEN]- 控制在支持 CoW（Copy-on-Write，写时复制）的文件系统上进行轻量复制--remove-destination- 复制前删除已经存在的目标--sparse=WHEN- 控制稀疏文件的创建--strip-trailing-slashes- 删除每个SOURCE尾部的/-s,--symbolic-link- 创建文件的符号链接而不是复制-S,--suffix=SUFFIX- 设置备份文件的后缀-t,--target-directory=DIRECTORY- 指定目标目录-T,--no-target-directory- 将DEST视为文件（如果DEST是目录，则进行合并而非复制到它内部）--update[=UPDATE]- 控制哪些现有文件需要更新；取值：all,none,older-u- 仅在源文件比目标新的时候复制；同--update[=older]-v,--verbose- 输出详细信息（进行的全部操作）-x,--one-file-system- 跳过跨文件系统的复制-Z- 将目标文件的 SELinux 安全上下文设为默认类型--context[=CTX]--help- 显示帮助--version- 显示版本
SOURCE- 源文件DEST- 目标路径
#示例
复制文件
$ ls # 空目录下操作
$ touch src.txt # 创建文件
$ cp src.txt dest.txt # 复制文件
$ ls
src.txt dest.txt
$ mkdir dir # 创建目录
$ cp src.txt ./dir/dest.txt # 复制到目录中
$ ls dir
dest.txt
复制目录
$ mkdir src dest1 dest2 # 创建目录
$ touch src/1.txt # 创建文件
$ tree src
src
└── 1.txt
$ cp -r src dest1 # 将 src 复制到 dest1 内部
$ tree dest1
dest1
└── src
└── 1.txt
$ cp -rT src dest2 # 复制 src 合并到 dest2
$ tree dest2
dest2
└── 1.txt
#相关命令
#推荐阅读
#手册
CP(1) User Commands CP(1)
NAME
cp - copy files and directories
SYNOPSIS
cp [OPTION]... [-T] SOURCE DEST
cp [OPTION]... SOURCE... DIRECTORY
cp [OPTION]... -t DIRECTORY SOURCE...
DESCRIPTION
Copy SOURCE to DEST, or multiple SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY.
Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options
too.
-a, --archive
same as -dR --preserve=all
--attributes-only
don't copy the file data, just the attributes
--backup[=CONTROL]
make a backup of each existing destination file
-b like --backup but does not accept an argument
--copy-contents
copy contents of special files when recursive
-d same as --no-dereference --preserve=links
--debug
explain how a file is copied. Implies -v
-f, --force
if an existing destination file cannot be opened, remove it and
try again (this option is ignored when the -n option is also
used)
-i, --interactive
prompt before overwrite (overrides a previous -n option)
-H follow command-line symbolic links in SOURCE
-l, --link
hard link files instead of copying
-L, --dereference
always follow symbolic links in SOURCE
-n, --no-clobber
do not overwrite an existing file and do not fail (overrides a
-u or previous -i option). See also --update; equivalent to
--update=none.
-P, --no-dereference
never follow symbolic links in SOURCE
-p same as --preserve=mode,ownership,timestamps
--preserve[=ATTR_LIST]
preserve the specified attributes
--no-preserve=ATTR_LIST
don't preserve the specified attributes
--parents
use full source file name under DIRECTORY
-R, -r, --recursive
copy directories recursively
--reflink[=WHEN]
control clone/CoW copies. See below
--remove-destination
remove each existing destination file before attempting to open
it (contrast with --force)
--sparse=WHEN
control creation of sparse files. See below
--strip-trailing-slashes
remove any trailing slashes from each SOURCE argument
-s, --symbolic-link
make symbolic links instead of copying
-S, --suffix=SUFFIX
override the usual backup suffix
-t, --target-directory=DIRECTORY
copy all SOURCE arguments into DIRECTORY
-T, --no-target-directory
treat DEST as a normal file
--update[=UPDATE]
control which existing files are updated; UP‐
DATE={all,none,older(default)}. See below
-u equivalent to --update[=older]
-v, --verbose
explain what is being done
-x, --one-file-system
stay on this file system
-Z set SELinux security context of destination file to default type
--context[=CTX]
like -Z, or if CTX is specified then set the SELinux or SMACK
security context to CTX
--help display this help and exit
--version
output version information and exit
ATTR_LIST is a comma-separated list of attributes. Attributes are
'mode' for permissions (including any ACL and xattr permissions), 'own‐
ership' for user and group, 'timestamps' for file timestamps, 'links'
for hard links, 'context' for security context, 'xattr' for extended
attributes, and 'all' for all attributes.
By default, sparse SOURCE files are detected by a crude heuristic and
the corresponding DEST file is made sparse as well. That is the behav‐
ior selected by --sparse=auto. Specify --sparse=always to create a
sparse DEST file whenever the SOURCE file contains a long enough se‐
quence of zero bytes. Use --sparse=never to inhibit creation of sparse
files.
UPDATE controls which existing files in the destination are replaced.
'all' is the default operation when an --update option is not speci‐
fied, and results in all existing files in the destination being re‐
placed. 'none' is similar to the --no-clobber option, in that no files
in the destination are replaced, but also skipped files do not induce a
failure. 'older' is the default operation when --update is specified,
and results in files being replaced if they're older than the corre‐
sponding source file.
When --reflink[=always] is specified, perform a lightweight copy, where
the data blocks are copied only when modified. If this is not possible
the copy fails, or if --reflink=auto is specified, fall back to a stan‐
dard copy. Use --reflink=never to ensure a standard copy is performed.
The backup suffix is '~', unless set with --suffix or SIM‐
PLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX. The version control method may be selected via the
--backup option or through the VERSION_CONTROL environment variable.
Here are the values:
none, off
never make backups (even if --backup is given)
numbered, t
make numbered backups
existing, nil
numbered if numbered backups exist, simple otherwise
simple, never
always make simple backups
As a special case, cp makes a backup of SOURCE when the force and
backup options are given and SOURCE and DEST are the same name for an
existing, regular file.
AUTHOR
Written by Torbjorn Granlund, David MacKenzie, and Jim Meyering.
REPORTING BUGS
GNU coreutils online help: <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>
Report any translation bugs to <https://translationproject.org/team/>
COPYRIGHT
Copyright © 2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc. License GPLv3+: GNU
GPL version 3 or later <https://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
SEE ALSO
install(1)
Full documentation <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/cp>
or available locally via: info '(coreutils) cp invocation'
GNU coreutils 9.4 April 2024 CP(1)